If the internet is like a symphony of data, then net neutrality is the conductor that ensures no instrument drowns out another, keeping the melody fair and balanced. But Web3 is here with its own new sheet music, promising decentralization, transparency and user empowerment. The question is whether it can harmonise with India’s stand on net neutrality or if we are we looking at a clash of tempos.
Web3 or Web 3.0 refers to the 3rd generation of the World Wide Web. This AI-utilising version of the internet relies on blockchain technology and can be self-sufficient. Unlike the present Web2, Web 3 is characterized by a decentralized network, smart contracts and token economies. Though still in its nascent stages, the shift is already here with platforms like Polygon recording over 2 million transactions daily.
India has been the global torchbearer for net neutrality. Following the 2016 Facebook’s Free Basics controversy—a service that offered access only to specific apps but not the open internet—the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) banned discriminatory pricing for data services. Indian law mandates that internet service providers (ISP) treat all data equally, prohibiting practices like paid prioritization, throttling, or blocking. Further, the Information Technology Act, 2000 also provides for intermediary liability.
The introduction of WEB3 brings with it unprecedented challenges and it is imperative that India redefine its net neutrality terms. The TRAI Recommendations must be expanded to include blockchain-specific traffic and tokenized services. While the Digital India Act is expected to reinforce TRAI’s net neutrality Recommendations, we must ensure that it addresses all facets of Web3. Clearly defining jurisdictional limits and stakeholders’ liability would be the primary step. The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 must include stricter guidelines to ensure that decentralized apps adhere to data protection standards. Updating the IT Act, 2000 to account for intermediary liability pertaining to decentralized networks is another important aspect.
Web3 and net neutrality are two sides of the same coin, both advocating for free and fair internet. As with any development, this innovation must be backed by a strong legal framework to empower users while fostering growth. Incentivising infrastructure development, promoting transparency, and encouraging global cooperation are some of the ways that India can welcome the dawn of a free network without compromising on neutrality. The internet’s future isn’t just about new technology—it is about composing a new melody where every user gets an equal voice and India brims with the potential to rise to that very challenge.
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